From Repression to Prevention: Reforming Indonesian AI Governance in the Shadow of the EU AI Act
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61492/baashima.v4i2.602Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes, EU AI Act, Regulatory Sandbox, Legal ReformAbstract
The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated deepfakes presents a critical challenge to information integrity and public stability. While the European Union has adopted a proactive, risk-based governance paradigm through the EU AI Act-mandating transparency, digital watermarking, and fundamental rights protections-Indonesia’s regulatory landscape remains significantly underdeveloped and reactive. This study employs a descriptive-comparative methodology, benchmarked against the EU AI Act, to examine the urgent need for a dedicated legal framework for synthetic media in Indonesia. The analysis reveals that Indonesia’s reliance on the ITE and PDP laws is insufficient, as these instruments fail to address the unique ontological challenges of AI-generated content. The study identifies two critical policy findings: the necessity of adopting a "hybrid regulatory model" that synthesizes international technical standards with domestic constitutional values and the implementation of a "regulatory sandbox" to facilitate evidence-based policy testing. Consequently, this research argues for a transition from ex post punitive measures to an ex ante governance architecture. These findings provide a strategic roadmap for Indonesian policymakers to construct an accountable, human-centric, and technically robust governance framework that mitigates the existential risks posed by algorithmic manipulation.
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