Implementasi Kebijakan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Berbasis Komunitas dan Satuan Pendidikan Aman Bencana di Tingkat Desa

(Studi Kasus Desa Warungkiara Kabupaten Sukabumi)

Abstract

Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management has shifted the paradigm of disaster handling from a responsive approach toward risk reduction; however, its implementation at the village level still faces a wide implementation gap. This study aims to analyze the implementation of community-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy and the Disaster- Safe Education Unit (SPAB) policy in Warungkiara Village, Warungkiara District, Sukabumi Regency, an area highly vulnerable to earthquakes, ground movement, and landslides. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design of a two-phase preparedness intervention facilitated through the KKN Sinergi scheme of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi in collaboration with the Sukabumi Regency Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the Village Government, and SMPN 1 Warungkiara. Data were collected through participatory observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña and interpreted through the policy implementation frameworks of Edwards III and Grindle as well as the concept of collaborative governance. The findings show that national DRR policy has not been internalized at the village level: evacuation routes had not been mapped, a drill culture had not been established, and the school had not applied the three SPAB pillars. A pentahelix collaborative intervention proved capable of bridging the implementation gap, marked by community participation above 80% in the independent evacuation drill, agreed evacuation routes and assembly points, and an orderly school evacuation drill. The study recommends institutionalizing the intervention outcomes through the adoption of evacuation maps into village planning documents and the village budget (APBDes), the establishment of a village disaster preparedness group toward Disaster- Resilient Village status, and the institutionalization of SPAB in school programs.